How Estrogen Levels Can Affect Your Skin During Menopause

Menopause marks a significant transition in a woman's life, defined by the cessation of menstrual periods for twelve consecutive months. This phase brings about hormonal changes, notably a decline in estrogen levels, which can profoundly impact the skin's health and appearance (1).

Changes in Estrogen During Menopause

Estrogen is a critical hormone in women's reproductive health, regulating the menstrual cycle and supporting a range of functions in the body. Estrogen influences the development of secondary sexual characteristics and maintains skin health. As women approach menopause, typically in their late 40s to early 50s, ovarian estrogen production declines, leading to various physiological changes, including those affecting the skin.

Decreased Estrogen and Collagen Levels in Menopause

Collagen, a structural protein, provides strength and elasticity to the skin. Estrogen plays a crucial role in stimulating collagen production by binding to skin receptors called fibroblasts, which are responsible for producing collagen and elastin—the protein that gives skin its elasticity (2). As estrogen levels decline during menopause, collagen production also decreases, leading to thinner, less elastic skin. Research indicates that women may lose approximately 30% of their skin collagen within the first five years after menopause, contributing to increased sagging and wrinkle formation (3).

Skin Concerns Associated with Low Estrogen

The reduction in estrogen during menopause can lead to several skin conditions, including (1):

• Dry and Itchy Skin: Estrogen is essential for the skin's natural hydration mechanisms. Its decline can result in dryness and itching.
• Thinning and Loss of Elasticity: Decreased collagen production leads to thinner skin with reduced elasticity, making it more prone to wrinkles.
• Increased Bruising: Thinner skin is more susceptible to bruising and may have a reduced capacity to heal.
• Acne and Breakouts: Hormonal fluctuations can lead to increased oil production, resulting in acne.
• Hyperpigmentation: Changes in hormone levels can cause age spots and larger areas of darker skin to appear on the face, hands, neck, arms, or chest.

How to Care for Your Skin During Menopause

To maintain skin health during menopause, consider the following strategies (4):

• Gentle Cleansing: Use mild, creamy cleansers to retain skin moisture.
• Regular Moisturizing: Apply heavier creams after bathing to lock in moisture.
• Sun Protection: Use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with at least SPF 30 daily to protect against UV damage.
• Healthy Diet: Consume a diet rich in antioxidants, including fruits and vegetables, to support skin health.
• Hydration: Drink ample water to maintain skin hydration.
• Regular Exercise: Engage in physical activities to improve circulation and overall skin appearance.
• Avoid Smoking: Refrain from smoking, as it accelerates skin aging.
• Consider Professional Treatments and/or Targeted Skincare Products: Consult a dermatologist for treatments like topical estrogen creams and retinol; incorporate products containing ingredients like hyaluronic acid and ceramides to maintain skin hydration and barrier function.

Menopause-related skin changes are a natural part of aging and may be a normal part of your journey. While these changes can be frustrating, there are many ways to support your skin and address common concerns. If you have specific concerns, working with a healthcare professional can provide personalized guidance to support your unique needs.

References

1. Zouboulis, C. C., Blume-Peytavi, U., Kosmadaki, M., Roó, E., Vexiau-Robert, D., Kerob, D., & Goldstein, S. R. (2022). Skin, hair and beyond: the impact of menopause. Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society, 25(5), 434–442. https://doi.org/10.1080/13697137.2022.2050206
2. Shah, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2001). Estrogen and skin: An overview. American Journal of Clinical Dermatology, 2(3), 143–150.
3. Thornton, M. J. (2013). Estrogens and aging skin. Dermato-Endocrinology, 5(2), 264–270. https://doi.org/10.4161/derm.23872
4. American Academy of Dermatology. (n.d.). Caring for your skin in menopause. Retrieved from https://www.aad.org/public/everyday-care/skin-care-secrets/anti-aging/skin-care-during-menopause